4 1/2 Casing Specs

L80 belongs to steel grades group of corrosion-resistant casing. L80 API oilfield casing pipe includes L80-1, L80-9Cr, and L80-13Cr. L80-1 is used in the H2S environment, while L80-9Cr and L80-13Cr are used in the CO2 environment. API Casing Data Tables sizes 5.00 - 5.50. Specification 5C3 of the American Petroleum Institute standardizes 14 casing sizes from 4.5 inches (11.43 cm) to 20 inches (50.80 cm) outside diameter ('OD').

Casing is the major structural component of a well. It is a tubular steel product used to line the wellbore (maintain borehole stability), prevent contamination of water sands, isolate water from producing formations, and control well pressures during drilling, production, and workover operations. Casing provides locations for the installation of blowout preventers, wellhead equipment, production packers, and production tubing.

The cost of casing is a major part of the overall well cost, so the selection of casing size, grade, connectors, and setting depth is a primary engineering and economic consideration.

  • Male and female threads are to be installed on casing in one process during manufacture of the casing joint. Casing shall be manufactured in 20 foot lengths. 5 foot and 10 foot joints shall be manufactured by special order. Make-up in each threaded joint may vary by.250 inch.
  • It is critical as it determines the strings size that we can run in a given casing. Nominal size: is the outside diameter of the pipe body. The most used sizes are: 2-⅜”, 2-⅞”, 3-½” and 4-½”. The tubing joint length: is the length of tubing joint including the coupling and excluding the pin thread.

Casing Strings:

API CASING TABLE SPECIFICATION Size Wei ght ID Drift Capacity Inches mm lb/ft Inches mm Inches mm bbl/100ft 7 3/4 196.85 46.10 6.560 166.62 6.500 165.10 4.18.

Since the well is normally drilled in segments, multiple concentric casing strings are usually installed in the well. There are six basic types of casing strings:

Conductor Casing:

The first casing installed in the well is called the conductor casing, as shown in the figure below. Onshore this is a short segment usually around 60 ft (20 m) long. The conductor isolates unconsolidated formations and water sands and protects against shallow gas. This is usually the string onto which the casing head is installed. Conductor casing is always cemented to surface.

Surface Casing:

Surface casing must be set deep enough to protect freshwater aquifers from contamination, and prevent lost circulation. Because of this, the surface casing is always cemented to surface. Surface casing depths typically vary between 1000 and 3000 ft (300-900 m).

Intermediate Casing:

Intermediate casing is set to isolate unstable hole sections, lost-circulation zones, low-pressure zones, and production zones. It is often set in the transition zone from normal to abnormal pressure. The casing cement top must isolate any hydrocarbon zones.

Some wells require multiple intermediate strings and some other wells do not have intermediate casing string.

Production Casing:

Production casing is used to isolate production zones and contain formation pressures. It may also be exposed to injection pressures from fracture jobs, gas lift, or water injection support. A good primary cement job is very critical for this string.

Door

Liner:

Liner is a casing string that does not extend back to the wellhead but instead is hung from another casing string. Liners are used instead of full casing strings to reduce cost, improve hydraulic performance when drilling deeper, allow the use of larger tubing above the liner top, and not represent a tension limitation for a rig. Liners can be either an intermediate or a production string. Liners are typically cemented over their entire length.

Tieback String:

Tieback string is a casing string that provides additional pressure integrity from the liner top to the wellhead. An intermediate tieback is used to isolate a casing string that cannot withstand possible pressure loads if drilling is continued (usually because of excessive wear or higher than anticipated pressures). Similarly, a production tieback isolates an intermediate string from production loads. Tiebacks can be uncemented or partially cemented.

An example of a typical casing program that illustrates each of the specified casing string types is shown in the following figure.

Typical Casing Combination Strings:

A typical casing combination casing strings for a mature water-flooded field might be:

  • 13-3/8″ (340 mm) Conductor
  • 9-5/8″ (244 mm) Surface Casing
  • 7″ (178 mm) Production Casing

For a deeper, higher pressured well a typical casing string might be:

  • 16″ (406 mm) Conductor
  • 13-3/8″ (340 mm) Surface Casing
  • 9-5/8″ (244 mm) Intermediate Casing
  • 7″ (178 mm) Production Casing
  • 4-1/2″ (114 mm) Production Liner

Casing Specifications:

Casing is specified by grade, outer diameter (in or mm), nominal weight (lb/ft or kg/m) and connection type.

Steel Grade:

The grade reflects the material composition and yield strength of the casing material. API casing grades are listed in the table below:

Nominal Weight:

Nominal weight is the average linear weight of the tubing, connection included. It is expressed in lb/ft or kg/m and it determines the tubing wall thickness that in turn determines the nominal inner diameter.

Length:

Casing usually comes in lengths between 40 and 46 ft (12-14 m).

Inner Diameter:

4 1/2 Casing Specs Impact Wrench

Because the inner diameter is nominal, a guaranteed inner diameter called the drift diameteris also specified. The drift diameter is typically 1/8″ (3.2 mm) less than the nominal inner diameter. Equipment with a larger diameter than the drift diameter should not be run into a well.

Connection Type:

4 1/2 Ltc Casing Specs

The connection is the type of thread used to connect the joints of casing. API thread types are short thread (STC), long thread (LTC), buttress and extreme line. A number of proprietary premium casing threads are also available.

Standards for Tubulars:

  • API Bull 5C2, Performance Properties of Casing, Tubing, and Drill Pipe.
  • API TR 5C3, Technical Report on Equations and Calculations for Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe Used as Casing or Tubing; and Performance Properties Tables for Casing and Tubing.
  • API Spec 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing.
  • ISO 11960, Petroleum and natural gas industries –Steel pipes for use as casing or tubing for wells.
  • ISO 11961, Petroleum and natural gas industries –Steel drill pipe.
  • ISO 13679, Petroleum and natural gas industries –Procedures for testing casing and tubing connections.

4 1/2 Casing Specs Dimensions

4 1/2 casing specs impact wrench

4 1/2 Casing Specs Kit

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