Occasional Variation
What’s New 📩
| Title | |
| Phonetic Distance Between Words with Application to the International Spelling Alphabet 🔠 | |
| Summary | |
This post develops a robust quantitative method for measuring the distance (or difference) between:
| |
| It describes how discrete convolution can be used to determine the distance between words which naturally accommodates variations in phoneme duration. Existing International Spelling Alphabet and US Phonetic Alphabet schemes are compared using several quality measures. Alternative word sets are generated that out perform the existing schemes using these quality measures. | |
The allowances for variations are relative to the maximum permissible design pressure for the system. The allowances for variations are not used in sustained (longitudinal), occasional (wind, earthquake), or displacement (thermal expansion) stress evaluations. They are only used in pressure design. Occasional Variations, a classical music Album by The Sherry Quartet / The Composers Quartet / Milton Babbitt / William Anderson. Released 23 July 2003 on Tzadik (catalog no. Genres: Serialism, Modern Classical. Formula for Coefficient of Variation. Mathematically, the standard formula for the coefficient of variation is expressed in the following way: Where: σ – the standard deviation; μ – the mean. In the context of finance Finance CFI's Finance Articles are designed as self-study guides to learn important finance concepts online at your own pace. A couple reports having rare-to-occasional variations in their sexual response patterns. The nurse should conclude that this couple has: a. No medically diagnosed health problem. Behaviors in accordance with sexual dysfunction. Engaged in sexual perversion or deviations regularly. At least one partner who experiences a gender identity. The Fitbit Community is a gathering place for real people who wish to exchange ideas, solutions, tips, techniques, and insight about the Fitbit products and services they love.
Post Summary
Occasional Variations
Games 🏆
Bridge ♠️♥️♦️♣️
| Title | |
| Bridge Hand Probability Analysis | |
| Summary | |
| Considers the probability of holding various types of hand after the initial deal and before any other information is available. Several standard tables are generated that represent some key aspects of the game. A general algorithm is developed that allows a broad range of hand probabilities to be calculated including suit distribution, High Card Points (HCP) and honour holdings. | |
| Downloads (see full post for context) | |
| ◻︎ Suit Distribution Probabilities (csv) | |
| ◻︎ High Card Point (HCP) Probabilities (csv) | |
| ◻︎ Suit Distribution by HCP (csv) | |
| ◻︎ HCP by Number of Aces (csv) | |
| ◻︎ HCP by Keycards (csv) | |
| Title | |
| Bridge Partnership (Two Hand) Probability Analysis | |
| Summary | |
| Extends the previous post on Bridge probability analysis from one hand to two hands that form a partnership. Various probability tables are generated for suit distributions and HCP holdings for two hands. | |
| Downloads (see full post for context) | |
| ◻︎ Suit Distribution Probabilities for Two Combined Hands (csv) | |
| ◻︎ High Card Point (HCP) Probabilities for Two Combined Hands (csv) | |
| ◻︎ High Card Point (HCP) Probabilities for Two Separate Hands (csv) | |
Tic-Tac-Toe
| Title | |
| Tic-Tac-Toe Analysis using Clojure (Part 1) | |
| Summary | |
| Analysis of the Tic-Tac-Toe (aka Noughts and Crosses) game tree using Clojure. Shows how it can be significantly reduced in size by accounting for winning positions, duplications, symmetries and forced moves. The analysis “discovers” the notion of forked positions and that there are only three drawn positions. There are also game tree visualisations. | |
| Downloads (see full post for context) | |
| ◻︎ Full Tic-Tac-Toe tree diagram (pdf) | |
| ◻︎ Corner first move branch (pdf) | |
| ◻︎ Edge first move branch (pdf) | |
| ◻︎ Centre first move branch (pdf) | |
| Title | |
| Tic-Tac-Toe Analysis using Clojure (Part 2) | |
| Summary | |
| Analysis of Tic-Tac-Toe (aka Noughts and Crosses) player strategy using Clojure. Building on Part 1, it develops opening theory, position evaluation and a “reduced” game tree that captures the essence of the game. | |
| Downloads (see full post for context) | |
| ◻︎ Scored Reduced Game Tree – excludes duplicate nodes but has more cross links (pdf) | |
| ◻︎ Scored Reduced Game Tree – removes all cross links but has some nodes duplicated (pdf) | |
| ◻︎ Scored Reduced Game Tree – excluding symmetries and duplicates (pdf) | |
Miscellaneous 🗄
| Title | |
| Efficient Recursive Levenshtein (Edit) Distance Algorithm | |
| Summary | |
| A recursive algorithm for calculating the Levenshtein distance using an upper bound to significantly improve performance. Includes an implementation in Clojure with comparative benchmarks. An iterative “matrix” implementation is also included. | |
| Title | |
| High Quality HTML Tables using Text Only Layouts | |
| Summary | |
| A proposed specification, and basic Clojure implementation, is provided to create HTML tables from text only input. CSS inline styling of table HTML elements, including individual rows, columns and cells, is supported, as well as rowspan and colspan. The resulting HTML is suitable for inclusion in Markdown documents, for example. The specification allows the generation of high quality tables for blogs and similar Web-based documentation. | |
| Code | |
| ◻︎ Basic Clojure Implementation | |
| Title | |
| Alternative Star Trek Warp Speed Scale and Related Equations | |
| Summary | |
This post:
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Milton Babbitt Occasional Variations
| Title | |
| Phonetic Distance Between Words with Application to the International Spelling Alphabet 🔠 | |
| Summary | |
This post develops a robust quantitative method for measuring the distance (or difference) between:
| |
| It describes how discrete convolution can be used to determine the distance between words which naturally accommodates variations in phoneme duration. Existing International Spelling Alphabet and US Phonetic Alphabet schemes are compared using several quality measures. Alternative word sets are generated that out perform the existing schemes using these quality measures. | |
AS4041 Section 3.10.3 and B31.3 section on pressure variations
AS4041 Section 3.10.3 and B31.3 section on pressure variations
Occasional Variation
In AS4041 (Australian Pressure Piping standard) there is a section and clause that I am trying to understand. It is also (I've been told) in the one of the B31 codes. It is 3.10.3 (variations of pressure, mainly point (iii) and onwards).
It reads as follows:
3.10.3 Variations in normal operating conditions
Occasional variations in pressure and temperature during the design life of ferrous piping are acceptable within the following limits:
(a) Where the fluid is steam... shall not exceed those specifications in Clause 3.9.5.
(b) Where the fluid is boiler feed water. . . shall not exceed those specified in Clause 3.9.6
Where the fluid is other than steam or boiler feed water, a piping system shall be considered safe during those variations when all of the following conditions are fulfilled:
(i) The piping does not contain pressurized components made from cast iron or other non-ductile materials.
(ii) For piping not in the creep range, the hoop stress is not more than the hot yield strength at the highest temperature occurring during the variation.
(iii) The number of significant variations, or cycles of pressure during the design life, is not more than 7000. In this requirement a pressure variation of greater than +/-20% of the design is significant.
(iv) The highest pressure occurring during the variation is less than the hydrostatic test pressure.
(v) Occassional variations above the design pressure and temperature comply with the following:
(A) The period of the variation is less than 10 h at any one time and the sum of the periods is less than 1000 h in a year. The pressure rating of a component of the yield strength at the highest temperature during any of the variations may be increased by not more than 33 percent.
(B) The period of the variation is less than 50 h at any one time and the sum of the periods is less than 500 h in a year. The pressure rating of a component or the yield strength at the highest temperature during any of the variations may be increased by not more than 20 percent.
(vi) An evaluation of the combined effects of the sustained and cylcic variations on the design life of all components shall be made. The results of the evaluation are the subject of agreement between the parties concerned.
It's 3.10.3 (iii) and onwards that bugs me. If my design pressure is 1000 kPa, does this mean a variation of more than 400 kPa cannot occur more than 7000 times during the design life?
What is the intent of this clause? In the applications I deal with typically, there will be 1-2 pump starts per day (minimum). Take a 1000kPa system, starting from 0kPa and achieving full working pressure. Does this mean this system is unsafe if operated for more than 10 years (7300 starts at 2 per day) even if the design pressure of the pipe is, say, 1200kPa? (assuming no other variations). Even if a pump start only raises the pressure by 400kPa? It seems absurd.
Or does it mean it can tolerate 7000 pump starts were the starts to go above 1200kPa? I'm speculating too much now. Any guidance or references on this clause would be very helpful.
(I had to type this out from a hardcopy, please forgive typos)
It reads as follows:
3.10.3 Variations in normal operating conditions
Occasional variations in pressure and temperature during the design life of ferrous piping are acceptable within the following limits:
(a) Where the fluid is steam... shall not exceed those specifications in Clause 3.9.5.
(b) Where the fluid is boiler feed water. . . shall not exceed those specified in Clause 3.9.6
Where the fluid is other than steam or boiler feed water, a piping system shall be considered safe during those variations when all of the following conditions are fulfilled:
(i) The piping does not contain pressurized components made from cast iron or other non-ductile materials.
(ii) For piping not in the creep range, the hoop stress is not more than the hot yield strength at the highest temperature occurring during the variation.
(iii) The number of significant variations, or cycles of pressure during the design life, is not more than 7000. In this requirement a pressure variation of greater than +/-20% of the design is significant.
(iv) The highest pressure occurring during the variation is less than the hydrostatic test pressure.
(v) Occassional variations above the design pressure and temperature comply with the following:
(A) The period of the variation is less than 10 h at any one time and the sum of the periods is less than 1000 h in a year. The pressure rating of a component of the yield strength at the highest temperature during any of the variations may be increased by not more than 33 percent.
(B) The period of the variation is less than 50 h at any one time and the sum of the periods is less than 500 h in a year. The pressure rating of a component or the yield strength at the highest temperature during any of the variations may be increased by not more than 20 percent.
(vi) An evaluation of the combined effects of the sustained and cylcic variations on the design life of all components shall be made. The results of the evaluation are the subject of agreement between the parties concerned.
It's 3.10.3 (iii) and onwards that bugs me. If my design pressure is 1000 kPa, does this mean a variation of more than 400 kPa cannot occur more than 7000 times during the design life?
What is the intent of this clause? In the applications I deal with typically, there will be 1-2 pump starts per day (minimum). Take a 1000kPa system, starting from 0kPa and achieving full working pressure. Does this mean this system is unsafe if operated for more than 10 years (7300 starts at 2 per day) even if the design pressure of the pipe is, say, 1200kPa? (assuming no other variations). Even if a pump start only raises the pressure by 400kPa? It seems absurd.
Or does it mean it can tolerate 7000 pump starts were the starts to go above 1200kPa? I'm speculating too much now. Any guidance or references on this clause would be very helpful.
(I had to type this out from a hardcopy, please forgive typos)